Evidence from regional consumption patterns indicate that while Chivay obsidian was in wide circulation within the Tiwanaku economic sphere, the regional distribution and quantity consumed declined during the subsequent LIP and Late Horizon. As one of the research questions motivating this study at the Chivay source, evidence was specifically sought to explain the economic circumstances around obsidian production in Late Prehispanic contexts. New evidence will be reviewed that was acquired from fieldwork in 2003, and later in this chapter contrasting models of production will be explored in more detail.