2.2.3. Transfer of goods and socio-political complexity

  • strict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/views.module on line 1118.
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  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_filter::options_validate() should be compatible with views_handler::options_validate($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc on line 599.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_filter::query() should be compatible with views_handler::query($group_by = false) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc on line 599.
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  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_argument_validate::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_argument_validate.inc on line 87.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin_argument_validate::options_submit(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/modules/taxonomy/views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term.inc on line 165.
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  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_query::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_query.inc on line 181.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_validate() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_validate(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc on line 136.
  • strict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/views.module on line 1118.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_argument::options_validate() should be compatible with views_handler::options_validate($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_argument.inc on line 917.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_argument::query() should be compatible with views_handler::query($group_by = false) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_argument.inc on line 917.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_sort::options_validate() should be compatible with views_handler::options_validate($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_sort.inc on line 165.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_sort::options_submit() should be compatible with views_handler::options_submit($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_sort.inc on line 165.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_sort::query() should be compatible with views_handler::query($group_by = false) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_sort.inc on line 165.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_filter::options_validate() should be compatible with views_handler::options_validate($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc on line 599.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_filter::query() should be compatible with views_handler::query($group_by = false) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc on line 599.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_handler_filter_node_status::operator_form() should be compatible with views_handler_filter::operator_form(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/modules/node/views_handler_filter_node_status.inc on line 15.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_argument_validate::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_argument_validate.inc on line 87.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin_argument_validate::options_submit(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/modules/taxonomy/views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term.inc on line 165.
  • strict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/views.module on line 1118.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_query::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit($form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_query.inc on line 181.
  • strict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_validate() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_validate(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/arf_nkt/mapaspects6/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc on line 136.

Prehistoric exchange has long been central in anthropological and economic models of socio-political change. Exchange has been discussed by social theorists, anthropologists and archaeologists the debating the ultimate causes of socio-political inequality that emerged independently during the Holocene in different regions of the world. In the course of the last 12,000 years, archaeological evidence documents a change from a worldwide of hunting and gathering groups with relatively egalitarian, village-level social organization to, in a few places world-wide, in-situ development of state-level society with large settlements, greater concentration of wealth, and hierarchical economic and political organizations. While anthropological models accounting for political and economic change have been refined over the past century, evidence of exchange has consistently served as a material indicator of regional interaction and differential access to exotic goods within a community.