%0 Book
%D 1992
%T Ancient Andean Political Economy
%A Stanish, Charles
%C Austin
%I University of Texas Press
%K altiplano puna tiwanaku collapse aymara titicaca lupaqa colla
%P 195
%U http://www.ucla.edu
%X TOC1. Andean Political Economy: a theoretical framework2. A methodology for testing models of political economy3. Zonal complementarity in the Prehispanic South Central Andes: a review and critique.4. A test of zonal complementarity in the Moquegua Drainage5. Summary and Conclusions
%Z RESEARCH TOPIC: post-Tiwanaku culture history of Titicaca Basin 2.22.99HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY (p34)Household: coresidential agricultural work and habitational unit.Ethnically sensitive: sometimes can ID ethnicity through architecture, storage practices, funerary styles, and non-domestic artifacts.Major problem in Household Arch: degree of correlation of coresidentiality and economic work units.REGIONAL ECONOMIC DOMINANCE OF TITICACA BASIN (p52)Four principal factors that impacted Basin societies through time:1. ag productivity of Titicaca Basin2. vertical distrib of lifezones3. competing polities to north of Basin4. camelid production capacitiesAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY OF BASINKolata and Clark Erikson have proven raised fields are ancientErikson: raised fields predate Tiwanaku, Kolata: began with Tiwanaku on large scale.Once one of richest regions in New World. Today poorest of poor. No minerial wealth or large ports (p 55).ZONAL COMPLEMENTARITYTwo models: direct colonialism (Murra), unique to Andes; Exchange (Rostworowski), not unique.But not necessarily mutually exclusive under Karl Polanyi's economic theory.Polanyi - four ideal economic systems:1. market exchange2. reciprocity3. redistribution4. the household - Stanish feels household is most archaeologically verifiable.Two problems in testing models of Zonal Comp (p165)1. testability: too broad to be tested2. explanation: v. descriptive, but little understanding of function to indig. society.Stanish sol.: econ interaction testable at household level.CULTURE PERIODS AND ECONOMY (p171)Otora Period: classic multiethnic colonization a la Murra.later Estuquiña Period: autonomous settlements of same biological population. Earlier colonial relationship ruptured by Inka threats to Basin? (p172) COMPETING POLITIES TO NORTHWhy only expansion to south and west from Titicaca?Competing polities: particularly in Vilcanota and Ayacucho valleys.Homes to Wari and to Inca. Wari expansion to south: Arequipa and Moquegua (Cerro Baul), though Wari influence was minimal compared to more northern regionsCAMELID HERDSLupaqa elite had herds in the 10,000s in 1567. Prehispanic numbers: probably higherAbility to pack loads over long distances - vital for colonial / exchange relationships.Meat (chark'i) and woolALTIPLANO - natural zonesdivided into two geographic regions by Pulgar (1946).1. Puna - too high for growing plants, but good for pasture. Titicaca basin >4000m, outside basin > 3500m.2. Juni (jalka) - 3,500 - 4,000m plant domestication.POST TIWANAKU PERIOD in Titicaca Basin (p85)1. Regionalization2. "emergence (and reemergence) of dozens of local polities and ethnic groups throughout areas of former imperial control." (p87)- vigorous local traditions: variety of local material traits.- "material heterogeneity corresponded to regional differences in other non-material aspects."Ethnohistoric info: numerous distinctive cultures in the region