@inbook {,
	title = {The Early Ceramic Periods of Moquegua},
	booktitle = {Ecology, settlement, and history in the Osmore drainage, Peru},
	volume = {545i},
	year = {1989},
	note = {3.1.99 - WRITING ON POST-TIWANAKU POLITIESLupaqa At time of Spanish conquest Lupaqa were firmly incorporated into Inka empire. Although subordinate to Inca, the Lupaqa were still the dominant indigenous power in the Titicaca Basin. "The Lupaqa were 1 of 3 indigenous groups not granted to individual Spaniards in encomienda". Lupaqa paid taxes directly to State, not through a Spaniard, thus Garci Diez was sent to record the pops of able-bodied tributaries and assess their ability to pay taxes from earnings in herding, farming, and other activities. (p305)Zonal ComplementarityPreferred term to "verticality" (p307)Direct control: colonization of various ecological zones (ie Murra).Indirect control: exchange, alliance, or conquest, to secure access to complementary ecological zones.Osmore - "...mentioned more than 20 times in Visita as having some form of colonial relationship to the Lupaqa polity. While the total number of Lupaqa mitimae is not great (25 households in Torata, for instance), the consistent and repetitive listing of these lands leaves little doubt that such colonies existed and were considered a principal component of the Lupaqa political economy in the Spanish Colonial Period" (p307). Moquequa was one of more frequently listed areas controlled by Lupaqa state outside of Titicaca basin, therefore a good place for this study.OTORA VALLEY PERIODSTumilaca: colony of local Tiwanaku settlers from middle and lower Moquegua valley.Otora: multi-ethnic colonization by Titicaca basin and coastal polities. Chiribaya and Colla influence.Estuqui{\~n}a: independant polities engaged in intensive interzonal exchange. Probably Colla influence from Titicaca basin.Estuqui{\~n}a/Inca: independant polities engaged in intensive interzonal exchange. Marked Colla influence from Titicaca basin. First evidence of Inca influence in valley.Inca: Imperial admin. with marked Lupaqa influence. Major Inca-Lupaqa site in Torata valley.Colonial: Spanish colonial ecomienda, Toledo Reducciones, Lupaqa colonies in Torata Valley.Interestingly, first arch evidence of Lupaqa in Moquegua drainage correlates to the estab. of Inca admin settlements in the lower valleys (p315). [because Inca conquered Colla?]Colla and Lupaqa were bitter enemies (Lumbreras 1974a; Hyslop 1976). Inca formed alliance with Lupaqa against Colla (p317).Chuquito polychromes are found throughout Colla region and cover principal Colla sites (e.g. hatuncolla - Julien 1978), but Sillustani ceramic styles rarely found on Lupaqa sites (e.g. Hyslop 1976).},
	pages = {207-217},
	publisher = {B.A.R.},
	organization = {B.A.R.},
	address = {Oxford, England},
	keywords = {puna altitude adaptation moquegua tiwanaku colonialism verticality pukara pucara trapiche},
	author = {Feldman, Robert A.},
	editor = {Rice, Don Stephen and Stanish, Charles and Scarr, Phillip R.}
}